Developing an Integrated Model of Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability in International Businesses

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop an integrated model for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in international businesses. This study employed a qualitative approach using content analysis of semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 24 managers and business experts from international enterprises in Tehran, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVivo software. Open, axial, and selective coding methods were applied to identify the key sustainability patterns in international businesses. The results indicated that economic sustainability can be achieved through cost management, revenue diversification, and risk management. In the social dimension, key elements included labor rights protection, corporate social responsibility, and organizational diversity and inclusion. In the environmental dimension, the most important sustainability strategies were the use of renewable energy, waste management and recycling, and carbon emission reduction. Additionally, innovation in sustainable business models and the development of sustainable supply networks played a crucial role in improving the sustainability performance of international enterprises. This study demonstrated that developing an integrated sustainability model requires balancing economic, social, and environmental objectives. The findings suggest that international businesses must integrate sustainability strategies into their business models and leverage technological innovations to remain competitive in global markets.