Ranking of Antecedent Indicators of Social Responsibility in Human Resource Management of the Real Estate Administration of Iraq
Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Resource Management, CSR Antecedents, Responsible HR Indicators, Real Estate Administration of IraqAbstract
The purpose of this study is to rank the antecedent indicators of social responsibility in human resource management of the Real Estate Administration of Iraq. The statistical population of the study consisted of 350 employees and managers of the Real Estate Administration of Iraq. Using Morgan’s table and the stratified random sampling method, a sample of 185 participants was selected. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity, while its reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha (0.947). Inferential data analysis was conducted using the Friedman test. The ranking of the antecedents of social responsibility in human resource management showed that the first rank belongs to organizational factors, which in order include the components of: (1) organizational strategy, (2) required resources, (3) leadership and management, (4) relations and structure, and (5) organizational culture. The second rank belongs to environmental factors, which in order include the components of: (1) general laws and regulations, (2) social and environmental conditions, and (3) stakeholder pressure and participation. The third rank is assigned to functional human resource factors, which in order include the components of: (1) compensation, (2) recruitment, (3) performance evaluation, and (4) training. Therefore, it is recommended that both long-term and short-term goals focus on areas such as employee well-being, diversity and inclusion, sustainable development, and social participation in the domain of human resource management. Furthermore, policies should be designed on the basis of individuals’ competencies and capabilities, while preventing any form of gender, racial, religious, ethnic, or other discrimination.
Downloads
References
Altwaijri, A. S. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Role in the Impact of Marketing Tools on Strategic Marketing. Journal of Project Management, 10(2), 367-374. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.jpm.2025.1.003
Bolt, E. E. T., & Homer, S. T. (2024). Employee corporate social responsibility and well-being: the role of work, family and culture spillover. Employee Relations. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2023-0097
Chaher, D., & Lakhal, L. (2025). The impact of TQM on financial and non-financial performance: the mediating role of corporate social responsibility. The TQM Journal, 37(6), 1687-1715. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-08-2023-0244
Esmaeili, K., Gharibe, A., Nasiri, M., & Mahdiz, M. (2025). Corporate social responsibility and competitive strategies: The moderating role of governance and corporate performance. Empirical Accounting Research, 15(1), 145-184. https://jera.alzahra.ac.ir
González-Ramos, M. I., Guadamillas, F., & Donate, M. J. (2023). The relationship between knowledge management strategies and corporate social responsibility: Effects on innovation capabilities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188, 122287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122287
Gupta, J., & Das, N. (2022). Multidimensional corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial performance: A meta‐analytical review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(4), 731-748. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2237
Lase, D., & Waruwu, E. (2025). Corporate Social Responsibility in Management Human Resources (HRM) 2.0. 103-126. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8679-8.ch006
Le, T. T. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and SMEs' performance: mediating role of corporate image, corporate reputation and customer loyalty. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(10), 4565-4590. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2021-1164
Mahmoudi Yekeh Baghi, R., Darvishi, M., & Abbaszadeh, M. R. (2024). Tone Management and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Role of Board Gender Diversity. Experimental Accounting Research, 14(3), 75-102. https://jera.alzahra.ac.ir/jufile?ar_sfile=235515
Martínez-Campillo, A., & Fernández-Sánchez, J. L. (2022). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty and the mediating role of reputation in cooperative banking. Journal of Business Ethics, 171(3), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04461-3
Mulya, F. (2025). Integration of Human Resource Management and Leadership Culture in Corporate Social Responsibility. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 6(2), 630-641. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v6i2.1691
Odunjo, O., Crane, A., & McDonagh, P. (2025). Stakeholder existential authenticity and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Management Studies, 62(1), 1-28.
Pucelj, M., & Bohinc, R. (2024). Bridging Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility: Pathways to a Sustainable Global Society: Pathways to a Sustainable Global Society. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2325-0
Shen, X., Ho, K. C., Yang, L., & Wang, L. F. S. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, market reaction and accounting conservatism. Kybernetes, 50(6), 1837-1872. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-01-2020-0043
Shi, H., Liu, H., & Wu, Y. (2024). Are socially responsible firms responsible to accounting? A meta-analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 22(3), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-06-2021-0171
Siddique, M. N. E. A., Nor, S. M., Senik, Z. C., & Omar, N. A. (2023). Corporate social responsibility as the pathway to sustainable banking: a systematic literature review. Sustainability, 15(3), 1807.
Siddiqui, F., YuSheng, K., & Tajeddini, K. (2023). The role of corporate governance and reputation in the disclosure of corporate social responsibility and firm performance. Heliyon, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16055
Silva Junior, A. D., Martins-Silva, P. D. O., Coelho, V. D., & Sousa, A. F. D. (2023). The corporate social responsibility pyramid: its evolution and the proposal of the spinner, a theoretical refinement. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(2), 358-376. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2021-0180
Simon, C., & Mkumbuzi, W. P. (2024). Firm Characteristics and Corporate Governance Mechanisms as Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Zimbabwe. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 194-222. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).18
Strazzullo, S., Mauriello, R., Corvello, V., Cricelli, L., & Grimaldi, M. (2025). How open innovation can improve companies' corporate social responsibility performance? Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 34(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12535
Sulaeman, A. (2024). The Influence of Capital Intensity, Leverage, Profitability, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance With Firm Size as a Moderating Variable. Asian Journal of Economics Business and Accounting, 24(5), 433-442. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i51320
Trofimova, N. N. (2024). Digitalization and Corporate Social Responsibility: Assessing the Information Content and Loyalty of Personnel in Conditions of Market Instability. Ekonomika I Upravlenie Problemy Resheniya, 11/5(152), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.11.05.014
Tuyen Buia, Q., Anh Doa, V. P., Ly Tranb, L., & Nguyen, P. M. (2025). Examining the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms in the Digital Age. Procedia Computer Science, 253, 717-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.01.133
Wahdi, N. (2024). The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability on Tax Avoidance. Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal, 3(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.56070/ibmaj.2024.004
Widawska-Stanisz, A. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility, Work-Life Balance and Well-Being – The Employee Perspective. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series, 2024(209), 473-487. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.209.28
Wirba, A. V. (2024). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of government in promoting CSR. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 7428-7454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01185-0
Yang, H., Shi, X., Bhutto, M. Y., & Ertz, M. (2024). Do Corporate Social Responsibility and Technological Innovation Get Along? A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(1), 100462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100462
Yang, Q., & Jin, S. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Digital Transformation on Manufacturing Environment, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance Performance: The Moderating Role of Top Management Teams. Sustainability, 16(11), 4342. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114342
Yarifard, R., & Hashemi, N. (2024). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Firm Value Considering the Role of Audit Quality, Corporate Governance, and Earnings Management in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting and Management Outlook, 7IS - 94, 1-27.
Youn, H., & Kim, J. H. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility and Hotel Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of Organizational Pride and Meaningfulness of Work. Sustainability, 14(4), 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042428
Zada, S., Wang, Y., & Zada, M. (2024). Corporate social responsibility and employee burnout: The mediating role of psychological safety. PLoS One, 19(4), e0316601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316601
Ziari, R., & Ashrafi, J. (2024). Examining the Impact of the Economic Dimension of Corporate Social Responsibility on Earnings Quality. First International Conference on International Business, Economic Studies, and Humanities.
Zihan, W., Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Alam, S. S. (2024). Green human resource management in practice: Assessing the impact of readiness and corporate social responsibility on organizational change. Sustainability, 16(3), 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031153
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 هبه یاسر طه (نویسنده); مهربان هادی پیکانی; محمد ثابت فرعون شبانه , بدری شاه طالبی (نویسنده)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.