تدوین الگوی مطلوب آموزش حفاظت از محیط زیست مبتنی بر مطالعه تطبیقی نظام های آموزشی کشورهای توسعه یافته
کلمات کلیدی:
آموزش محیطزیست, مطالعه تطبیقی, طراحی برنامه درسی, ارزشیابی کیفی, یادگیری مشارکتیچکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگوی مطلوب آموزش محیطزیست در نظام آموزشی ایران مبتنی بر مطالعه تطبیقی نظامهای آموزشی چهار کشور توسعهیافته شامل فنلاند، کانادا، آمریکا و ایران است. پژوهش از نوع توصیفی-کاربردی و با رویکرد تطبیقی انجام شده است. دادهها از طریق تحلیل اسناد و برنامههای درسی ملی، راهنماهای آموزشی، گزارشهای پژوهشی، و وبسایتهای وزارت آموزش کشورهای منتخب گردآوری شد. نمونهگیری به صورت هدفمند و بر اساس معیارهایی چون موفقیت آموزشی، دسترسی به منابع انگلیسیزبان و تنوع جغرافیایی انجام شد. دادهها با استفاده از الگوی چهار مرحلهای بردی (توصیف، تفسیر، همجواری، مقایسه) تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی مطلوب آموزش محیطزیست باید بر چهار مؤلفه اصلی شامل اهداف، محتوا، روشهای تدریس و ارزشیابی استوار باشد. زیرمؤلفههایی نظیر تقویت حس مسئولیتپذیری، شناخت تأثیر انسان و فناوری بر محیط، آموزش عملکردی، استفاده از فناوریهای نوین و ارزشیابیهای کیفی از ویژگیهای بارز نظامهای موفق بودند. یافتهها نشان داد نظام آموزشی ایران از نظر انسجام مفهومی، محتوای زمینهمحور و تنوع در روشهای تدریس و ارزشیابی نسبت به کشورهای توسعهیافته با شکافهایی اساسی مواجه است. توسعه آموزش محیطزیست در ایران نیازمند طراحی یک برنامه درسی منسجم، تلفیق فناوری، بازآموزی معلمان و بهرهگیری از روشهای ارزشیابی چندبعدی است. تجارب کشورهای توسعهیافته نشان میدهد که آموزش محیطزیست زمانی مؤثر خواهد بود که بهصورت یکپارچه، مشارکتی، و مبتنی بر موقعیتهای واقعی طراحی و اجرا گردد.
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حق نشر 2025 Maryam Ashrafi (Author); Isa Barghi; Sadegh Maleki Avarsin, Behbood Yarigholi (Author)

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